Tax resolution is the work of fixing an existing problem with the IRS — as opposed to tax preparation, which is filing an accurate return going forward. If you owe back taxes, have returns you never filed, or are staring at a notice threatening a lien or levy, you are in tax-resolution territory. And the single most important thing to know is this: the IRS built formal programs for exactly your situation.

Which program fits is usually a financial question, not a legal one. It turns on what you owe, what you can afford, and how close the debt is to the 10-year collection statute that limits how long the IRS can pursue it. The pages below break down every program in plain terms. If you would rather just talk it through, the case review on this page is free and confidential.

The one rule that governs everything
Before the IRS will approve any resolution — a payment plan, a settlement, or hardship status — you must be in compliance: all required returns filed and current-year payments on track. If you have unfiled years, that is almost always the first step.

How the programs fit together

These programs are not alternatives you choose from a menu — they are stages of a single process. You file any missing returns to get compliant. That unlocks the collection tools: an installment agreement to pay over time, or a release of an active lien, levy, or garnishment. If your finances can’t support full payment, you move to a settlement path — an offer in compromise, or currently-not-collectible status to pause everything while the collection clock runs. And if the balance came from an audit or a spouse’s error, an audit defense or innocent-spouse claim addresses the assessment itself.

The right sequence depends on your specific facts. A case that looks like an offer in compromise on the surface is sometimes better resolved by simply waiting out the collection statute in hardship status — or the reverse. That judgment is what a review is for.