Plumbers working for a shop or contractor are hourly, non-exempt, and earn FLSA overtime — so the 2025 overtime deduction applies to the premium half of their time-and-a-half, up to $12,500 ($25,000 joint). The deduction covers the extra "half," not the full overtime amount.
Plumbing overtime comes from two directions: scheduled construction and service overtime, and unscheduled emergency work. On-call rotations, burst-pipe and backup emergencies, and after-hours commercial calls generate overtime — and often at premium call-out rates — that stack quickly. A service plumber at $38/hour logging 220 overtime hours books about $4,180 in deductible premium.
W-2 plumbers, union or not, qualify on FLSA overtime. On-call standby pay and travel time have their own FLSA treatment and may affect your regular rate, but the deduction itself is the premium on hours actually worked past 40. Independent 1099 plumbers generally don't qualify. A 2025 return that missed the deduction is fixed with Form 1040-X, and it repeats through 2028.